El Niño Winter Forecasts - Past and Present


 

This is a consolidation of the forecasts for last winter (2022-2023) and what eventually occurred as well as five of the forecasts for this upcoming winter (2023-2024). They are in two sets, one for the period of December-January-February (DJF) and then January, February-March (JFM). All of the forecasts from last year and this year were made in September. (In another post, I will look at how some of the forecasts evolved through subsequent months). I will leave it to the viewer to evaluate the veracity of last winter's forecasts.